641 lines
20 KiB
Go
641 lines
20 KiB
Go
// Copyright 2014 The Prometheus Authors
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// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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// You may obtain a copy of the License at
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//
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// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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//
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// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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// limitations under the License.
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package prometheus_test
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import (
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"fmt"
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"math"
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"net/http"
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"os"
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"runtime"
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"sort"
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"time"
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dto "github.com/prometheus/client_model/go"
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"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
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"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
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)
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func ExampleGauge() {
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opsQueued := prometheus.NewGauge(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
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Namespace: "our_company",
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Subsystem: "blob_storage",
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Name: "ops_queued",
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Help: "Number of blob storage operations waiting to be processed.",
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})
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prometheus.MustRegister(opsQueued)
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// 10 operations queued by the goroutine managing incoming requests.
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opsQueued.Add(10)
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// A worker goroutine has picked up a waiting operation.
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opsQueued.Dec()
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// And once more...
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opsQueued.Dec()
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}
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func ExampleGaugeVec() {
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opsQueued := prometheus.NewGaugeVec(
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prometheus.GaugeOpts{
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Namespace: "our_company",
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Subsystem: "blob_storage",
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Name: "ops_queued",
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Help: "Number of blob storage operations waiting to be processed, partitioned by user and type.",
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},
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[]string{
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// Which user has requested the operation?
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"user",
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// Of what type is the operation?
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"type",
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},
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)
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prometheus.MustRegister(opsQueued)
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// Increase a value using compact (but order-sensitive!) WithLabelValues().
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opsQueued.WithLabelValues("bob", "put").Add(4)
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// Increase a value with a map using WithLabels. More verbose, but order
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// doesn't matter anymore.
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opsQueued.With(prometheus.Labels{"type": "delete", "user": "alice"}).Inc()
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}
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func ExampleGaugeFunc() {
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if err := prometheus.Register(prometheus.NewGaugeFunc(
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prometheus.GaugeOpts{
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Subsystem: "runtime",
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Name: "goroutines_count",
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Help: "Number of goroutines that currently exist.",
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},
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func() float64 { return float64(runtime.NumGoroutine()) },
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)); err == nil {
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fmt.Println("GaugeFunc 'goroutines_count' registered.")
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}
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// Note that the count of goroutines is a gauge (and not a counter) as
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// it can go up and down.
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// Output:
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// GaugeFunc 'goroutines_count' registered.
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}
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func ExampleCounter() {
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pushCounter := prometheus.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
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Name: "repository_pushes", // Note: No help string...
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})
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err := prometheus.Register(pushCounter) // ... so this will return an error.
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if err != nil {
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fmt.Println("Push counter couldn't be registered, no counting will happen:", err)
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return
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}
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// Try it once more, this time with a help string.
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pushCounter = prometheus.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
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Name: "repository_pushes",
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Help: "Number of pushes to external repository.",
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})
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err = prometheus.Register(pushCounter)
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if err != nil {
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fmt.Println("Push counter couldn't be registered AGAIN, no counting will happen:", err)
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return
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}
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pushComplete := make(chan struct{})
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// TODO: Start a goroutine that performs repository pushes and reports
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// each completion via the channel.
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for _ = range pushComplete {
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pushCounter.Inc()
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}
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// Output:
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// Push counter couldn't be registered, no counting will happen: descriptor Desc{fqName: "repository_pushes", help: "", constLabels: {}, variableLabels: []} is invalid: empty help string
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}
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func ExampleCounterVec() {
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httpReqs := prometheus.NewCounterVec(
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prometheus.CounterOpts{
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Name: "http_requests_total",
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Help: "How many HTTP requests processed, partitioned by status code and HTTP method.",
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},
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[]string{"code", "method"},
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)
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prometheus.MustRegister(httpReqs)
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httpReqs.WithLabelValues("404", "POST").Add(42)
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// If you have to access the same set of labels very frequently, it
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// might be good to retrieve the metric only once and keep a handle to
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// it. But beware of deletion of that metric, see below!
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m := httpReqs.WithLabelValues("200", "GET")
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for i := 0; i < 1000000; i++ {
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m.Inc()
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}
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// Delete a metric from the vector. If you have previously kept a handle
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// to that metric (as above), future updates via that handle will go
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// unseen (even if you re-create a metric with the same label set
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// later).
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httpReqs.DeleteLabelValues("200", "GET")
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// Same thing with the more verbose Labels syntax.
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httpReqs.Delete(prometheus.Labels{"method": "GET", "code": "200"})
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}
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func ExampleInstrumentHandler() {
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// Handle the "/doc" endpoint with the standard http.FileServer handler.
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// By wrapping the handler with InstrumentHandler, request count,
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// request and response sizes, and request latency are automatically
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// exported to Prometheus, partitioned by HTTP status code and method
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// and by the handler name (here "fileserver").
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http.Handle("/doc", prometheus.InstrumentHandler(
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"fileserver", http.FileServer(http.Dir("/usr/share/doc")),
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))
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// The Prometheus handler still has to be registered to handle the
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// "/metrics" endpoint. The handler returned by prometheus.Handler() is
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// already instrumented - with "prometheus" as the handler name. In this
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// example, we want the handler name to be "metrics", so we instrument
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// the uninstrumented Prometheus handler ourselves.
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http.Handle("/metrics", prometheus.InstrumentHandler(
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"metrics", prometheus.UninstrumentedHandler(),
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))
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}
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func ExampleLabelPairSorter() {
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labelPairs := []*dto.LabelPair{
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&dto.LabelPair{Name: proto.String("status"), Value: proto.String("404")},
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&dto.LabelPair{Name: proto.String("method"), Value: proto.String("get")},
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}
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sort.Sort(prometheus.LabelPairSorter(labelPairs))
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fmt.Println(labelPairs)
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// Output:
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// [name:"method" value:"get" name:"status" value:"404" ]
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}
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func ExampleRegister() {
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// Imagine you have a worker pool and want to count the tasks completed.
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taskCounter := prometheus.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
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Subsystem: "worker_pool",
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Name: "completed_tasks_total",
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Help: "Total number of tasks completed.",
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})
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// This will register fine.
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if err := prometheus.Register(taskCounter); err != nil {
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fmt.Println(err)
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} else {
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fmt.Println("taskCounter registered.")
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}
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// Don't forget to tell the HTTP server about the Prometheus handler.
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// (In a real program, you still need to start the HTTP server...)
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http.Handle("/metrics", prometheus.Handler())
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// Now you can start workers and give every one of them a pointer to
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// taskCounter and let it increment it whenever it completes a task.
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taskCounter.Inc() // This has to happen somewhere in the worker code.
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// But wait, you want to see how individual workers perform. So you need
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// a vector of counters, with one element for each worker.
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taskCounterVec := prometheus.NewCounterVec(
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prometheus.CounterOpts{
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Subsystem: "worker_pool",
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Name: "completed_tasks_total",
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Help: "Total number of tasks completed.",
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},
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[]string{"worker_id"},
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)
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// Registering will fail because we already have a metric of that name.
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if err := prometheus.Register(taskCounterVec); err != nil {
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fmt.Println("taskCounterVec not registered:", err)
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} else {
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fmt.Println("taskCounterVec registered.")
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}
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// To fix, first unregister the old taskCounter.
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if prometheus.Unregister(taskCounter) {
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fmt.Println("taskCounter unregistered.")
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}
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// Try registering taskCounterVec again.
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if err := prometheus.Register(taskCounterVec); err != nil {
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fmt.Println("taskCounterVec not registered:", err)
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} else {
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fmt.Println("taskCounterVec registered.")
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}
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// Bummer! Still doesn't work.
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// Prometheus will not allow you to ever export metrics with
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// inconsistent help strings or label names. After unregistering, the
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// unregistered metrics will cease to show up in the /metrics HTTP
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// response, but the registry still remembers that those metrics had
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// been exported before. For this example, we will now choose a
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// different name. (In a real program, you would obviously not export
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// the obsolete metric in the first place.)
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taskCounterVec = prometheus.NewCounterVec(
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prometheus.CounterOpts{
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Subsystem: "worker_pool",
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Name: "completed_tasks_by_id",
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Help: "Total number of tasks completed.",
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},
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[]string{"worker_id"},
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)
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if err := prometheus.Register(taskCounterVec); err != nil {
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fmt.Println("taskCounterVec not registered:", err)
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} else {
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fmt.Println("taskCounterVec registered.")
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}
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// Finally it worked!
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// The workers have to tell taskCounterVec their id to increment the
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// right element in the metric vector.
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taskCounterVec.WithLabelValues("42").Inc() // Code from worker 42.
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// Each worker could also keep a reference to their own counter element
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// around. Pick the counter at initialization time of the worker.
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myCounter := taskCounterVec.WithLabelValues("42") // From worker 42 initialization code.
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myCounter.Inc() // Somewhere in the code of that worker.
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// Note that something like WithLabelValues("42", "spurious arg") would
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// panic (because you have provided too many label values). If you want
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// to get an error instead, use GetMetricWithLabelValues(...) instead.
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notMyCounter, err := taskCounterVec.GetMetricWithLabelValues("42", "spurious arg")
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if err != nil {
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fmt.Println("Worker initialization failed:", err)
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}
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if notMyCounter == nil {
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fmt.Println("notMyCounter is nil.")
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}
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// A different (and somewhat tricky) approach is to use
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// ConstLabels. ConstLabels are pairs of label names and label values
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// that never change. You might ask what those labels are good for (and
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// rightfully so - if they never change, they could as well be part of
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// the metric name). There are essentially two use-cases: The first is
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// if labels are constant throughout the lifetime of a binary execution,
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// but they vary over time or between different instances of a running
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// binary. The second is what we have here: Each worker creates and
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// registers an own Counter instance where the only difference is in the
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// value of the ConstLabels. Those Counters can all be registered
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// because the different ConstLabel values guarantee that each worker
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// will increment a different Counter metric.
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counterOpts := prometheus.CounterOpts{
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Subsystem: "worker_pool",
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Name: "completed_tasks",
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Help: "Total number of tasks completed.",
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ConstLabels: prometheus.Labels{"worker_id": "42"},
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}
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taskCounterForWorker42 := prometheus.NewCounter(counterOpts)
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if err := prometheus.Register(taskCounterForWorker42); err != nil {
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fmt.Println("taskCounterVForWorker42 not registered:", err)
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} else {
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fmt.Println("taskCounterForWorker42 registered.")
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}
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// Obviously, in real code, taskCounterForWorker42 would be a member
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// variable of a worker struct, and the "42" would be retrieved with a
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// GetId() method or something. The Counter would be created and
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// registered in the initialization code of the worker.
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// For the creation of the next Counter, we can recycle
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// counterOpts. Just change the ConstLabels.
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counterOpts.ConstLabels = prometheus.Labels{"worker_id": "2001"}
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taskCounterForWorker2001 := prometheus.NewCounter(counterOpts)
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if err := prometheus.Register(taskCounterForWorker2001); err != nil {
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fmt.Println("taskCounterVForWorker2001 not registered:", err)
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} else {
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fmt.Println("taskCounterForWorker2001 registered.")
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}
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taskCounterForWorker2001.Inc()
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taskCounterForWorker42.Inc()
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taskCounterForWorker2001.Inc()
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// Yet another approach would be to turn the workers themselves into
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// Collectors and register them. See the Collector example for details.
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// Output:
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// taskCounter registered.
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// taskCounterVec not registered: a previously registered descriptor with the same fully-qualified name as Desc{fqName: "worker_pool_completed_tasks_total", help: "Total number of tasks completed.", constLabels: {}, variableLabels: [worker_id]} has different label names or a different help string
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// taskCounter unregistered.
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// taskCounterVec not registered: a previously registered descriptor with the same fully-qualified name as Desc{fqName: "worker_pool_completed_tasks_total", help: "Total number of tasks completed.", constLabels: {}, variableLabels: [worker_id]} has different label names or a different help string
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// taskCounterVec registered.
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// Worker initialization failed: inconsistent label cardinality
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// notMyCounter is nil.
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// taskCounterForWorker42 registered.
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// taskCounterForWorker2001 registered.
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}
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func ExampleSummary() {
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temps := prometheus.NewSummary(prometheus.SummaryOpts{
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Name: "pond_temperature_celsius",
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Help: "The temperature of the frog pond.", // Sorry, we can't measure how badly it smells.
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})
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// Simulate some observations.
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for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
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temps.Observe(30 + math.Floor(120*math.Sin(float64(i)*0.1))/10)
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}
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// Just for demonstration, let's check the state of the summary by
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// (ab)using its Write method (which is usually only used by Prometheus
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// internally).
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metric := &dto.Metric{}
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temps.Write(metric)
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fmt.Println(proto.MarshalTextString(metric))
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// Output:
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// summary: <
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// sample_count: 1000
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// sample_sum: 29969.50000000001
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// quantile: <
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// quantile: 0.5
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// value: 31.1
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// >
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// quantile: <
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// quantile: 0.9
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// value: 41.3
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// >
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// quantile: <
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// quantile: 0.99
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// value: 41.9
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// >
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// >
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}
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func ExampleSummaryVec() {
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temps := prometheus.NewSummaryVec(
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prometheus.SummaryOpts{
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Name: "pond_temperature_celsius",
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Help: "The temperature of the frog pond.", // Sorry, we can't measure how badly it smells.
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},
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[]string{"species"},
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)
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// Simulate some observations.
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for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
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temps.WithLabelValues("litoria-caerulea").Observe(30 + math.Floor(120*math.Sin(float64(i)*0.1))/10)
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temps.WithLabelValues("lithobates-catesbeianus").Observe(32 + math.Floor(100*math.Cos(float64(i)*0.11))/10)
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}
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// Create a Summary without any observations.
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temps.WithLabelValues("leiopelma-hochstetteri")
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// Just for demonstration, let's check the state of the summary vector
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// by (ab)using its Collect method and the Write method of its elements
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// (which is usually only used by Prometheus internally - code like the
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// following will never appear in your own code).
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metricChan := make(chan prometheus.Metric)
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go func() {
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defer close(metricChan)
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temps.Collect(metricChan)
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}()
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metricStrings := []string{}
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for metric := range metricChan {
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dtoMetric := &dto.Metric{}
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metric.Write(dtoMetric)
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metricStrings = append(metricStrings, proto.MarshalTextString(dtoMetric))
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}
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sort.Strings(metricStrings) // For reproducible print order.
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fmt.Println(metricStrings)
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// Output:
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// [label: <
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// name: "species"
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// value: "leiopelma-hochstetteri"
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// >
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// summary: <
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// sample_count: 0
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// sample_sum: 0
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// quantile: <
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// quantile: 0.5
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// value: nan
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// >
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// quantile: <
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// quantile: 0.9
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// value: nan
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// >
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// quantile: <
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// quantile: 0.99
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// value: nan
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// >
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// >
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// label: <
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// name: "species"
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// value: "lithobates-catesbeianus"
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// >
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// summary: <
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// sample_count: 1000
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// sample_sum: 31956.100000000017
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// quantile: <
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// quantile: 0.5
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// value: 32.4
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// >
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// quantile: <
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// quantile: 0.9
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// value: 41.4
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// >
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// quantile: <
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// quantile: 0.99
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// value: 41.9
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// >
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// >
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// label: <
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// name: "species"
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// value: "litoria-caerulea"
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// >
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// summary: <
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// sample_count: 1000
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// sample_sum: 29969.50000000001
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// quantile: <
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// quantile: 0.5
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// value: 31.1
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// >
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// quantile: <
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// quantile: 0.9
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// value: 41.3
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// >
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// quantile: <
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// quantile: 0.99
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// value: 41.9
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// >
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// >
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// ]
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}
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func ExampleConstSummary() {
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desc := prometheus.NewDesc(
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"http_request_duration_seconds",
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"A summary of the HTTP request durations.",
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[]string{"code", "method"},
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prometheus.Labels{"owner": "example"},
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)
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// Create a constant summary from values we got from a 3rd party telemetry system.
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s := prometheus.MustNewConstSummary(
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desc,
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4711, 403.34,
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map[float64]float64{0.5: 42.3, 0.9: 323.3},
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"200", "get",
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)
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// Just for demonstration, let's check the state of the summary by
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|
// (ab)using its Write method (which is usually only used by Prometheus
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// internally).
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metric := &dto.Metric{}
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s.Write(metric)
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fmt.Println(proto.MarshalTextString(metric))
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// Output:
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// label: <
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// name: "code"
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// value: "200"
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// >
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// label: <
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// name: "method"
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// value: "get"
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// >
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// label: <
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// name: "owner"
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// value: "example"
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// >
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// summary: <
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// sample_count: 4711
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// sample_sum: 403.34
|
|
// quantile: <
|
|
// quantile: 0.5
|
|
// value: 42.3
|
|
// >
|
|
// quantile: <
|
|
// quantile: 0.9
|
|
// value: 323.3
|
|
// >
|
|
// >
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func ExampleHistogram() {
|
|
temps := prometheus.NewHistogram(prometheus.HistogramOpts{
|
|
Name: "pond_temperature_celsius",
|
|
Help: "The temperature of the frog pond.", // Sorry, we can't measure how badly it smells.
|
|
Buckets: prometheus.LinearBuckets(20, 5, 5), // 5 buckets, each 5 centigrade wide.
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
// Simulate some observations.
|
|
for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
|
|
temps.Observe(30 + math.Floor(120*math.Sin(float64(i)*0.1))/10)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Just for demonstration, let's check the state of the histogram by
|
|
// (ab)using its Write method (which is usually only used by Prometheus
|
|
// internally).
|
|
metric := &dto.Metric{}
|
|
temps.Write(metric)
|
|
fmt.Println(proto.MarshalTextString(metric))
|
|
|
|
// Output:
|
|
// histogram: <
|
|
// sample_count: 1000
|
|
// sample_sum: 29969.50000000001
|
|
// bucket: <
|
|
// cumulative_count: 192
|
|
// upper_bound: 20
|
|
// >
|
|
// bucket: <
|
|
// cumulative_count: 366
|
|
// upper_bound: 25
|
|
// >
|
|
// bucket: <
|
|
// cumulative_count: 501
|
|
// upper_bound: 30
|
|
// >
|
|
// bucket: <
|
|
// cumulative_count: 638
|
|
// upper_bound: 35
|
|
// >
|
|
// bucket: <
|
|
// cumulative_count: 816
|
|
// upper_bound: 40
|
|
// >
|
|
// >
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func ExampleConstHistogram() {
|
|
desc := prometheus.NewDesc(
|
|
"http_request_duration_seconds",
|
|
"A histogram of the HTTP request durations.",
|
|
[]string{"code", "method"},
|
|
prometheus.Labels{"owner": "example"},
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
// Create a constant histogram from values we got from a 3rd party telemetry system.
|
|
h := prometheus.MustNewConstHistogram(
|
|
desc,
|
|
4711, 403.34,
|
|
map[float64]uint64{25: 121, 50: 2403, 100: 3221, 200: 4233},
|
|
"200", "get",
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
// Just for demonstration, let's check the state of the histogram by
|
|
// (ab)using its Write method (which is usually only used by Prometheus
|
|
// internally).
|
|
metric := &dto.Metric{}
|
|
h.Write(metric)
|
|
fmt.Println(proto.MarshalTextString(metric))
|
|
|
|
// Output:
|
|
// label: <
|
|
// name: "code"
|
|
// value: "200"
|
|
// >
|
|
// label: <
|
|
// name: "method"
|
|
// value: "get"
|
|
// >
|
|
// label: <
|
|
// name: "owner"
|
|
// value: "example"
|
|
// >
|
|
// histogram: <
|
|
// sample_count: 4711
|
|
// sample_sum: 403.34
|
|
// bucket: <
|
|
// cumulative_count: 121
|
|
// upper_bound: 25
|
|
// >
|
|
// bucket: <
|
|
// cumulative_count: 2403
|
|
// upper_bound: 50
|
|
// >
|
|
// bucket: <
|
|
// cumulative_count: 3221
|
|
// upper_bound: 100
|
|
// >
|
|
// bucket: <
|
|
// cumulative_count: 4233
|
|
// upper_bound: 200
|
|
// >
|
|
// >
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func ExamplePushCollectors() {
|
|
hostname, _ := os.Hostname()
|
|
completionTime := prometheus.NewGauge(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
|
|
Name: "db_backup_last_completion_time",
|
|
Help: "The timestamp of the last succesful completion of a DB backup.",
|
|
})
|
|
completionTime.Set(float64(time.Now().Unix()))
|
|
if err := prometheus.PushCollectors(
|
|
"db_backup", hostname,
|
|
"http://pushgateway:9091",
|
|
completionTime,
|
|
); err != nil {
|
|
fmt.Println("Could not push completion time to Pushgateway:", err)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|