adding code

This commit is contained in:
dm
2016-07-01 09:35:21 -07:00
parent 9a214781b4
commit 73aec0c514
191 changed files with 45923 additions and 0 deletions
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Copyright (c) 2012 Rodrigo Moraes. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
distribution.
* Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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context
=======
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/gorilla/context.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/gorilla/context)
gorilla/context is a general purpose registry for global request variables.
Read the full documentation here: http://www.gorillatoolkit.org/pkg/context
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// Copyright 2012 The Gorilla Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package context
import (
"net/http"
"sync"
"time"
)
var (
mutex sync.RWMutex
data = make(map[*http.Request]map[interface{}]interface{})
datat = make(map[*http.Request]int64)
)
// Set stores a value for a given key in a given request.
func Set(r *http.Request, key, val interface{}) {
mutex.Lock()
if data[r] == nil {
data[r] = make(map[interface{}]interface{})
datat[r] = time.Now().Unix()
}
data[r][key] = val
mutex.Unlock()
}
// Get returns a value stored for a given key in a given request.
func Get(r *http.Request, key interface{}) interface{} {
mutex.RLock()
if data[r] != nil {
mutex.RUnlock()
return data[r][key]
}
mutex.RUnlock()
return nil
}
// GetOk returns stored value and presence state like multi-value return of map access.
func GetOk(r *http.Request, key interface{}) (interface{}, bool) {
mutex.RLock()
if _, ok := data[r]; ok {
value, ok := data[r][key]
mutex.RUnlock()
return value, ok
}
mutex.RUnlock()
return nil, false
}
// GetAll returns all stored values for the request as a map. Nil is returned for invalid requests.
func GetAll(r *http.Request) map[interface{}]interface{} {
mutex.RLock()
if context, ok := data[r]; ok {
result := make(map[interface{}]interface{}, len(context))
for k, v := range context {
result[k] = v
}
mutex.RUnlock()
return result
}
mutex.RUnlock()
return nil
}
// GetAllOk returns all stored values for the request as a map and a boolean value that indicates if
// the request was registered.
func GetAllOk(r *http.Request) (map[interface{}]interface{}, bool) {
mutex.RLock()
context, ok := data[r]
result := make(map[interface{}]interface{}, len(context))
for k, v := range context {
result[k] = v
}
mutex.RUnlock()
return result, ok
}
// Delete removes a value stored for a given key in a given request.
func Delete(r *http.Request, key interface{}) {
mutex.Lock()
if data[r] != nil {
delete(data[r], key)
}
mutex.Unlock()
}
// Clear removes all values stored for a given request.
//
// This is usually called by a handler wrapper to clean up request
// variables at the end of a request lifetime. See ClearHandler().
func Clear(r *http.Request) {
mutex.Lock()
clear(r)
mutex.Unlock()
}
// clear is Clear without the lock.
func clear(r *http.Request) {
delete(data, r)
delete(datat, r)
}
// Purge removes request data stored for longer than maxAge, in seconds.
// It returns the amount of requests removed.
//
// If maxAge <= 0, all request data is removed.
//
// This is only used for sanity check: in case context cleaning was not
// properly set some request data can be kept forever, consuming an increasing
// amount of memory. In case this is detected, Purge() must be called
// periodically until the problem is fixed.
func Purge(maxAge int) int {
mutex.Lock()
count := 0
if maxAge <= 0 {
count = len(data)
data = make(map[*http.Request]map[interface{}]interface{})
datat = make(map[*http.Request]int64)
} else {
min := time.Now().Unix() - int64(maxAge)
for r := range data {
if datat[r] < min {
clear(r)
count++
}
}
}
mutex.Unlock()
return count
}
// ClearHandler wraps an http.Handler and clears request values at the end
// of a request lifetime.
func ClearHandler(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
defer Clear(r)
h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
})
}
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// Copyright 2012 The Gorilla Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
/*
Package context stores values shared during a request lifetime.
For example, a router can set variables extracted from the URL and later
application handlers can access those values, or it can be used to store
sessions values to be saved at the end of a request. There are several
others common uses.
The idea was posted by Brad Fitzpatrick to the go-nuts mailing list:
http://groups.google.com/group/golang-nuts/msg/e2d679d303aa5d53
Here's the basic usage: first define the keys that you will need. The key
type is interface{} so a key can be of any type that supports equality.
Here we define a key using a custom int type to avoid name collisions:
package foo
import (
"github.com/gorilla/context"
)
type key int
const MyKey key = 0
Then set a variable. Variables are bound to an http.Request object, so you
need a request instance to set a value:
context.Set(r, MyKey, "bar")
The application can later access the variable using the same key you provided:
func MyHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// val is "bar".
val := context.Get(r, foo.MyKey)
// returns ("bar", true)
val, ok := context.GetOk(r, foo.MyKey)
// ...
}
And that's all about the basic usage. We discuss some other ideas below.
Any type can be stored in the context. To enforce a given type, make the key
private and wrap Get() and Set() to accept and return values of a specific
type:
type key int
const mykey key = 0
// GetMyKey returns a value for this package from the request values.
func GetMyKey(r *http.Request) SomeType {
if rv := context.Get(r, mykey); rv != nil {
return rv.(SomeType)
}
return nil
}
// SetMyKey sets a value for this package in the request values.
func SetMyKey(r *http.Request, val SomeType) {
context.Set(r, mykey, val)
}
Variables must be cleared at the end of a request, to remove all values
that were stored. This can be done in an http.Handler, after a request was
served. Just call Clear() passing the request:
context.Clear(r)
...or use ClearHandler(), which conveniently wraps an http.Handler to clear
variables at the end of a request lifetime.
The Routers from the packages gorilla/mux and gorilla/pat call Clear()
so if you are using either of them you don't need to clear the context manually.
*/
package context
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Copyright (c) 2012 Rodrigo Moraes. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
distribution.
* Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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securecookie
============
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/gorilla/securecookie.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/gorilla/securecookie)
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// Copyright 2012 The Gorilla Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
/*
Package gorilla/securecookie encodes and decodes authenticated and optionally
encrypted cookie values.
Secure cookies can't be forged, because their values are validated using HMAC.
When encrypted, the content is also inaccessible to malicious eyes.
To use it, first create a new SecureCookie instance:
var hashKey = []byte("very-secret")
var blockKey = []byte("a-lot-secret")
var s = securecookie.New(hashKey, blockKey)
The hashKey is required, used to authenticate the cookie value using HMAC.
It is recommended to use a key with 32 or 64 bytes.
The blockKey is optional, used to encrypt the cookie value -- set it to nil
to not use encryption. If set, the length must correspond to the block size
of the encryption algorithm. For AES, used by default, valid lengths are
16, 24, or 32 bytes to select AES-128, AES-192, or AES-256.
Strong keys can be created using the convenience function GenerateRandomKey().
Once a SecureCookie instance is set, use it to encode a cookie value:
func SetCookieHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
value := map[string]string{
"foo": "bar",
}
if encoded, err := s.Encode("cookie-name", value); err == nil {
cookie := &http.Cookie{
Name: "cookie-name",
Value: encoded,
Path: "/",
}
http.SetCookie(w, cookie)
}
}
Later, use the same SecureCookie instance to decode and validate a cookie
value:
func ReadCookieHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
if cookie, err := r.Cookie("cookie-name"); err == nil {
value := make(map[string]string)
if err = s2.Decode("cookie-name", cookie.Value, &value); err == nil {
fmt.Fprintf(w, "The value of foo is %q", value["foo"])
}
}
}
We stored a map[string]string, but secure cookies can hold any value that
can be encoded using encoding/gob. To store custom types, they must be
registered first using gob.Register(). For basic types this is not needed;
it works out of the box.
*/
package securecookie
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// Copyright 2012 The Gorilla Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package securecookie
import (
"bytes"
"crypto/aes"
"crypto/cipher"
"crypto/hmac"
"crypto/rand"
"crypto/sha256"
"crypto/subtle"
"encoding/base64"
"encoding/gob"
"errors"
"fmt"
"hash"
"io"
"strconv"
"time"
)
var (
errNoCodecs = errors.New("securecookie: no codecs provided")
errHashKeyNotSet = errors.New("securecookie: hash key is not set")
ErrMacInvalid = errors.New("securecookie: the value is not valid")
)
// Codec defines an interface to encode and decode cookie values.
type Codec interface {
Encode(name string, value interface{}) (string, error)
Decode(name, value string, dst interface{}) error
}
// New returns a new SecureCookie.
//
// hashKey is required, used to authenticate values using HMAC. Create it using
// GenerateRandomKey(). It is recommended to use a key with 32 or 64 bytes.
//
// blockKey is optional, used to encrypt values. Create it using
// GenerateRandomKey(). The key length must correspond to the block size
// of the encryption algorithm. For AES, used by default, valid lengths are
// 16, 24, or 32 bytes to select AES-128, AES-192, or AES-256.
func New(hashKey, blockKey []byte) *SecureCookie {
s := &SecureCookie{
hashKey: hashKey,
blockKey: blockKey,
hashFunc: sha256.New,
maxAge: 86400 * 30,
maxLength: 4096,
}
if hashKey == nil {
s.err = errHashKeyNotSet
}
if blockKey != nil {
s.BlockFunc(aes.NewCipher)
}
return s
}
// SecureCookie encodes and decodes authenticated and optionally encrypted
// cookie values.
type SecureCookie struct {
hashKey []byte
hashFunc func() hash.Hash
blockKey []byte
block cipher.Block
maxLength int
maxAge int64
minAge int64
err error
// For testing purposes, the function that returns the current timestamp.
// If not set, it will use time.Now().UTC().Unix().
timeFunc func() int64
}
// MaxLength restricts the maximum length, in bytes, for the cookie value.
//
// Default is 4096, which is the maximum value accepted by Internet Explorer.
func (s *SecureCookie) MaxLength(value int) *SecureCookie {
s.maxLength = value
return s
}
// MaxAge restricts the maximum age, in seconds, for the cookie value.
//
// Default is 86400 * 30. Set it to 0 for no restriction.
func (s *SecureCookie) MaxAge(value int) *SecureCookie {
s.maxAge = int64(value)
return s
}
// MinAge restricts the minimum age, in seconds, for the cookie value.
//
// Default is 0 (no restriction).
func (s *SecureCookie) MinAge(value int) *SecureCookie {
s.minAge = int64(value)
return s
}
// HashFunc sets the hash function used to create HMAC.
//
// Default is crypto/sha256.New.
func (s *SecureCookie) HashFunc(f func() hash.Hash) *SecureCookie {
s.hashFunc = f
return s
}
// BlockFunc sets the encryption function used to create a cipher.Block.
//
// Default is crypto/aes.New.
func (s *SecureCookie) BlockFunc(f func([]byte) (cipher.Block, error)) *SecureCookie {
if s.blockKey == nil {
s.err = errors.New("securecookie: block key is not set")
} else if block, err := f(s.blockKey); err == nil {
s.block = block
} else {
s.err = err
}
return s
}
// Encode encodes a cookie value.
//
// It serializes, optionally encrypts, signs with a message authentication code, and
// finally encodes the value.
//
// The name argument is the cookie name. It is stored with the encoded value.
// The value argument is the value to be encoded. It can be any value that can
// be encoded using encoding/gob. To store special structures, they must be
// registered first using gob.Register().
func (s *SecureCookie) Encode(name string, value interface{}) (string, error) {
if s.err != nil {
return "", s.err
}
if s.hashKey == nil {
s.err = errHashKeyNotSet
return "", s.err
}
var err error
var b []byte
// 1. Serialize.
if b, err = serialize(value); err != nil {
return "", err
}
// 2. Encrypt (optional).
if s.block != nil {
if b, err = encrypt(s.block, b); err != nil {
return "", err
}
}
b = encode(b)
// 3. Create MAC for "name|date|value". Extra pipe to be used later.
b = []byte(fmt.Sprintf("%s|%d|%s|", name, s.timestamp(), b))
mac := createMac(hmac.New(s.hashFunc, s.hashKey), b[:len(b)-1])
// Append mac, remove name.
b = append(b, mac...)[len(name)+1:]
// 4. Encode to base64.
b = encode(b)
// 5. Check length.
if s.maxLength != 0 && len(b) > s.maxLength {
return "", errors.New("securecookie: the value is too long")
}
// Done.
return string(b), nil
}
// Decode decodes a cookie value.
//
// It decodes, verifies a message authentication code, optionally decrypts and
// finally deserializes the value.
//
// The name argument is the cookie name. It must be the same name used when
// it was stored. The value argument is the encoded cookie value. The dst
// argument is where the cookie will be decoded. It must be a pointer.
func (s *SecureCookie) Decode(name, value string, dst interface{}) error {
if s.err != nil {
return s.err
}
if s.hashKey == nil {
s.err = errHashKeyNotSet
return s.err
}
// 1. Check length.
if s.maxLength != 0 && len(value) > s.maxLength {
return errors.New("securecookie: the value is too long")
}
// 2. Decode from base64.
b, err := decode([]byte(value))
if err != nil {
return err
}
// 3. Verify MAC. Value is "date|value|mac".
parts := bytes.SplitN(b, []byte("|"), 3)
if len(parts) != 3 {
return errors.New("securecookie: invalid value %v")
}
h := hmac.New(s.hashFunc, s.hashKey)
b = append([]byte(name+"|"), b[:len(b)-len(parts[2])-1]...)
if err = verifyMac(h, b, parts[2]); err != nil {
return err
}
// 4. Verify date ranges.
var t1 int64
if t1, err = strconv.ParseInt(string(parts[0]), 10, 64); err != nil {
return errors.New("securecookie: invalid timestamp")
}
t2 := s.timestamp()
if s.minAge != 0 && t1 > t2-s.minAge {
return errors.New("securecookie: timestamp is too new")
}
if s.maxAge != 0 && t1 < t2-s.maxAge {
return errors.New("securecookie: expired timestamp")
}
// 5. Decrypt (optional).
b, err = decode(parts[1])
if err != nil {
return err
}
if s.block != nil {
if b, err = decrypt(s.block, b); err != nil {
return err
}
}
// 6. Deserialize.
if err = deserialize(b, dst); err != nil {
return err
}
// Done.
return nil
}
// timestamp returns the current timestamp, in seconds.
//
// For testing purposes, the function that generates the timestamp can be
// overridden. If not set, it will return time.Now().UTC().Unix().
func (s *SecureCookie) timestamp() int64 {
if s.timeFunc == nil {
return time.Now().UTC().Unix()
}
return s.timeFunc()
}
// Authentication -------------------------------------------------------------
// createMac creates a message authentication code (MAC).
func createMac(h hash.Hash, value []byte) []byte {
h.Write(value)
return h.Sum(nil)
}
// verifyMac verifies that a message authentication code (MAC) is valid.
func verifyMac(h hash.Hash, value []byte, mac []byte) error {
mac2 := createMac(h, value)
if len(mac) == len(mac2) && subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(mac, mac2) == 1 {
return nil
}
return ErrMacInvalid
}
// Encryption -----------------------------------------------------------------
// encrypt encrypts a value using the given block in counter mode.
//
// A random initialization vector (http://goo.gl/zF67k) with the length of the
// block size is prepended to the resulting ciphertext.
func encrypt(block cipher.Block, value []byte) ([]byte, error) {
iv := GenerateRandomKey(block.BlockSize())
if iv == nil {
return nil, errors.New("securecookie: failed to generate random iv")
}
// Encrypt it.
stream := cipher.NewCTR(block, iv)
stream.XORKeyStream(value, value)
// Return iv + ciphertext.
return append(iv, value...), nil
}
// decrypt decrypts a value using the given block in counter mode.
//
// The value to be decrypted must be prepended by a initialization vector
// (http://goo.gl/zF67k) with the length of the block size.
func decrypt(block cipher.Block, value []byte) ([]byte, error) {
size := block.BlockSize()
if len(value) > size {
// Extract iv.
iv := value[:size]
// Extract ciphertext.
value = value[size:]
// Decrypt it.
stream := cipher.NewCTR(block, iv)
stream.XORKeyStream(value, value)
return value, nil
}
return nil, errors.New("securecookie: the value could not be decrypted")
}
// Serialization --------------------------------------------------------------
// serialize encodes a value using gob.
func serialize(src interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
enc := gob.NewEncoder(buf)
if err := enc.Encode(src); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return buf.Bytes(), nil
}
// deserialize decodes a value using gob.
func deserialize(src []byte, dst interface{}) error {
dec := gob.NewDecoder(bytes.NewBuffer(src))
if err := dec.Decode(dst); err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
// Encoding -------------------------------------------------------------------
// encode encodes a value using base64.
func encode(value []byte) []byte {
encoded := make([]byte, base64.URLEncoding.EncodedLen(len(value)))
base64.URLEncoding.Encode(encoded, value)
return encoded
}
// decode decodes a cookie using base64.
func decode(value []byte) ([]byte, error) {
decoded := make([]byte, base64.URLEncoding.DecodedLen(len(value)))
b, err := base64.URLEncoding.Decode(decoded, value)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return decoded[:b], nil
}
// Helpers --------------------------------------------------------------------
// GenerateRandomKey creates a random key with the given strength.
func GenerateRandomKey(strength int) []byte {
k := make([]byte, strength)
if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, k); err != nil {
return nil
}
return k
}
// CodecsFromPairs returns a slice of SecureCookie instances.
//
// It is a convenience function to create a list of codecs for key rotation.
func CodecsFromPairs(keyPairs ...[]byte) []Codec {
codecs := make([]Codec, len(keyPairs)/2+len(keyPairs)%2)
for i := 0; i < len(keyPairs); i += 2 {
var blockKey []byte
if i+1 < len(keyPairs) {
blockKey = keyPairs[i+1]
}
codecs[i/2] = New(keyPairs[i], blockKey)
}
return codecs
}
// EncodeMulti encodes a cookie value using a group of codecs.
//
// The codecs are tried in order. Multiple codecs are accepted to allow
// key rotation.
func EncodeMulti(name string, value interface{}, codecs ...Codec) (string, error) {
if len(codecs) == 0 {
return "", errNoCodecs
}
var errors MultiError
for _, codec := range codecs {
if encoded, err := codec.Encode(name, value); err == nil {
return encoded, nil
} else {
errors = append(errors, err)
}
}
return "", errors
}
// DecodeMulti decodes a cookie value using a group of codecs.
//
// The codecs are tried in order. Multiple codecs are accepted to allow
// key rotation.
func DecodeMulti(name string, value string, dst interface{}, codecs ...Codec) error {
if len(codecs) == 0 {
return errNoCodecs
}
var errors MultiError
for _, codec := range codecs {
if err := codec.Decode(name, value, dst); err == nil {
return nil
} else {
errors = append(errors, err)
}
}
return errors
}
// MultiError groups multiple errors.
type MultiError []error
func (m MultiError) Error() string {
s, n := "", 0
for _, e := range m {
if e != nil {
if n == 0 {
s = e.Error()
}
n++
}
}
switch n {
case 0:
return "(0 errors)"
case 1:
return s
case 2:
return s + " (and 1 other error)"
}
return fmt.Sprintf("%s (and %d other errors)", s, n-1)
}
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Copyright (c) 2012 Rodrigo Moraes. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
distribution.
* Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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sessions
========
Store Implementations
---------------------
Other implementations of the sessions.Store interface:
* [github.com/srinathgs/couchbasestore](https://github.com/srinathgs/couchbasestore) - Couchbase
* [github.com/bradleypeabody/gorilla-sessions-memcache](https://github.com/bradleypeabody/gorilla-sessions-memcache) - Memcache
* [github.com/hnakamur/gaesessions](https://github.com/hnakamur/gaesessions) - Memcache on GAE
* [github.com/kidstuff/mongostore](https://github.com/kidstuff/mongostore) - MongoDB
* [github.com/srinathgs/mysqlstore](https://github.com/srinathgs/mysqlstore) - MySQL
* [github.com/antonlindstrom/pgstore](https://github.com/antonlindstrom/pgstore) - PostgreSQL
* [github.com/boj/redistore](https://github.com/boj/redistore) - Redis
* [github.com/boj/riakstore](https://github.com/boj/riakstore) - Riak
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// Copyright 2012 The Gorilla Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
/*
Package gorilla/sessions provides cookie and filesystem sessions and
infrastructure for custom session backends.
The key features are:
* Simple API: use it as an easy way to set signed (and optionally
encrypted) cookies.
* Built-in backends to store sessions in cookies or the filesystem.
* Flash messages: session values that last until read.
* Convenient way to switch session persistency (aka "remember me") and set
other attributes.
* Mechanism to rotate authentication and encryption keys.
* Multiple sessions per request, even using different backends.
* Interfaces and infrastructure for custom session backends: sessions from
different stores can be retrieved and batch-saved using a common API.
Let's start with an example that shows the sessions API in a nutshell:
import (
"net/http"
"github.com/gorilla/sessions"
)
var store = sessions.NewCookieStore([]byte("something-very-secret"))
func MyHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// Get a session. We're ignoring the error resulted from decoding an
// existing session: Get() always returns a session, even if empty.
session, _ := store.Get(r, "session-name")
// Set some session values.
session.Values["foo"] = "bar"
session.Values[42] = 43
// Save it.
session.Save(r, w)
}
First we initialize a session store calling NewCookieStore() and passing a
secret key used to authenticate the session. Inside the handler, we call
store.Get() to retrieve an existing session or a new one. Then we set some
session values in session.Values, which is a map[interface{}]interface{}.
And finally we call session.Save() to save the session in the response.
Note that in production code, we should check for errors when calling
session.Save(r, w), and either display an error message or otherwise handle it.
Important Note: If you aren't using gorilla/mux, you need to wrap your handlers
with context.ClearHandler as or else you will leak memory! An easy way to do this
is to wrap the top-level mux when calling http.ListenAndServe:
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", context.ClearHandler(http.DefaultServeMux))
The ClearHandler function is provided by the gorilla/context package.
That's all you need to know for the basic usage. Let's take a look at other
options, starting with flash messages.
Flash messages are session values that last until read. The term appeared with
Ruby On Rails a few years back. When we request a flash message, it is removed
from the session. To add a flash, call session.AddFlash(), and to get all
flashes, call session.Flashes(). Here is an example:
func MyHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// Get a session.
session, _ := store.Get(r, "session-name")
// Get the previously flashes, if any.
if flashes := session.Flashes(); len(flashes) > 0 {
// Just print the flash values.
fmt.Fprint(w, "%v", flashes)
} else {
// Set a new flash.
session.AddFlash("Hello, flash messages world!")
fmt.Fprint(w, "No flashes found.")
}
session.Save(r, w)
}
Flash messages are useful to set information to be read after a redirection,
like after form submissions.
There may also be cases where you want to store a complex datatype within a
session, such as a struct. Sessions are serialised using the encoding/gob package,
so it is easy to register new datatypes for storage in sessions:
import(
"encoding/gob"
"github.com/gorilla/sessions"
)
type Person struct {
FirstName string
LastName string
Email string
Age int
}
type M map[string]interface{}
func init() {
gob.Register(&Person{})
gob.Register(&M{})
}
As it's not possible to pass a raw type as a parameter to a function, gob.Register()
relies on us passing it an empty pointer to the type as a parameter. In the example
above we've passed it a pointer to a struct and a pointer to a custom type
representing a map[string]interface. This will then allow us to serialise/deserialise
values of those types to and from our sessions.
By default, session cookies last for a month. This is probably too long for
some cases, but it is easy to change this and other attributes during
runtime. Sessions can be configured individually or the store can be
configured and then all sessions saved using it will use that configuration.
We access session.Options or store.Options to set a new configuration. The
fields are basically a subset of http.Cookie fields. Let's change the
maximum age of a session to one week:
session.Options = &sessions.Options{
Path: "/",
MaxAge: 86400 * 7,
HttpOnly: true,
}
Sometimes we may want to change authentication and/or encryption keys without
breaking existing sessions. The CookieStore supports key rotation, and to use
it you just need to set multiple authentication and encryption keys, in pairs,
to be tested in order:
var store = sessions.NewCookieStore(
[]byte("new-authentication-key"),
[]byte("new-encryption-key"),
[]byte("old-authentication-key"),
[]byte("old-encryption-key"),
)
New sessions will be saved using the first pair. Old sessions can still be
read because the first pair will fail, and the second will be tested. This
makes it easy to "rotate" secret keys and still be able to validate existing
sessions. Note: for all pairs the encryption key is optional; set it to nil
or omit it and and encryption won't be used.
Multiple sessions can be used in the same request, even with different
session backends. When this happens, calling Save() on each session
individually would be cumbersome, so we have a way to save all sessions
at once: it's sessions.Save(). Here's an example:
var store = sessions.NewCookieStore([]byte("something-very-secret"))
func MyHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// Get a session and set a value.
session1, _ := store.Get(r, "session-one")
session1.Values["foo"] = "bar"
// Get another session and set another value.
session2, _ := store.Get(r, "session-two")
session2.Values[42] = 43
// Save all sessions.
sessions.Save(r, w)
}
This is possible because when we call Get() from a session store, it adds the
session to a common registry. Save() uses it to save all registered sessions.
*/
package sessions
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// Copyright 2012 The Gorilla Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package sessions
import (
"encoding/gob"
"fmt"
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/gorilla/context"
)
// Default flashes key.
const flashesKey = "_flash"
// Options --------------------------------------------------------------------
// Options stores configuration for a session or session store.
//
// Fields are a subset of http.Cookie fields.
type Options struct {
Path string
Domain string
// MaxAge=0 means no 'Max-Age' attribute specified.
// MaxAge<0 means delete cookie now, equivalently 'Max-Age: 0'.
// MaxAge>0 means Max-Age attribute present and given in seconds.
MaxAge int
Secure bool
HttpOnly bool
}
// Session --------------------------------------------------------------------
// NewSession is called by session stores to create a new session instance.
func NewSession(store Store, name string) *Session {
return &Session{
Values: make(map[interface{}]interface{}),
store: store,
name: name,
}
}
// Session stores the values and optional configuration for a session.
type Session struct {
ID string
Values map[interface{}]interface{}
Options *Options
IsNew bool
store Store
name string
}
// Flashes returns a slice of flash messages from the session.
//
// A single variadic argument is accepted, and it is optional: it defines
// the flash key. If not defined "_flash" is used by default.
func (s *Session) Flashes(vars ...string) []interface{} {
var flashes []interface{}
key := flashesKey
if len(vars) > 0 {
key = vars[0]
}
if v, ok := s.Values[key]; ok {
// Drop the flashes and return it.
delete(s.Values, key)
flashes = v.([]interface{})
}
return flashes
}
// AddFlash adds a flash message to the session.
//
// A single variadic argument is accepted, and it is optional: it defines
// the flash key. If not defined "_flash" is used by default.
func (s *Session) AddFlash(value interface{}, vars ...string) {
key := flashesKey
if len(vars) > 0 {
key = vars[0]
}
var flashes []interface{}
if v, ok := s.Values[key]; ok {
flashes = v.([]interface{})
}
s.Values[key] = append(flashes, value)
}
// Save is a convenience method to save this session. It is the same as calling
// store.Save(request, response, session)
func (s *Session) Save(r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter) error {
return s.store.Save(r, w, s)
}
// Name returns the name used to register the session.
func (s *Session) Name() string {
return s.name
}
// Store returns the session store used to register the session.
func (s *Session) Store() Store {
return s.store
}
// Registry -------------------------------------------------------------------
// sessionInfo stores a session tracked by the registry.
type sessionInfo struct {
s *Session
e error
}
// contextKey is the type used to store the registry in the context.
type contextKey int
// registryKey is the key used to store the registry in the context.
const registryKey contextKey = 0
// GetRegistry returns a registry instance for the current request.
func GetRegistry(r *http.Request) *Registry {
registry := context.Get(r, registryKey)
if registry != nil {
return registry.(*Registry)
}
newRegistry := &Registry{
request: r,
sessions: make(map[string]sessionInfo),
}
context.Set(r, registryKey, newRegistry)
return newRegistry
}
// Registry stores sessions used during a request.
type Registry struct {
request *http.Request
sessions map[string]sessionInfo
}
// Get registers and returns a session for the given name and session store.
//
// It returns a new session if there are no sessions registered for the name.
func (s *Registry) Get(store Store, name string) (session *Session, err error) {
if info, ok := s.sessions[name]; ok {
session, err = info.s, info.e
} else {
session, err = store.New(s.request, name)
session.name = name
s.sessions[name] = sessionInfo{s: session, e: err}
}
session.store = store
return
}
// Save saves all sessions registered for the current request.
func (s *Registry) Save(w http.ResponseWriter) error {
var errMulti MultiError
for name, info := range s.sessions {
session := info.s
if session.store == nil {
errMulti = append(errMulti, fmt.Errorf(
"sessions: missing store for session %q", name))
} else if err := session.store.Save(s.request, w, session); err != nil {
errMulti = append(errMulti, fmt.Errorf(
"sessions: error saving session %q -- %v", name, err))
}
}
if errMulti != nil {
return errMulti
}
return nil
}
// Helpers --------------------------------------------------------------------
func init() {
gob.Register([]interface{}{})
}
// Save saves all sessions used during the current request.
func Save(r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter) error {
return GetRegistry(r).Save(w)
}
// NewCookie returns an http.Cookie with the options set. It also sets
// the Expires field calculated based on the MaxAge value, for Internet
// Explorer compatibility.
func NewCookie(name, value string, options *Options) *http.Cookie {
cookie := &http.Cookie{
Name: name,
Value: value,
Path: options.Path,
Domain: options.Domain,
MaxAge: options.MaxAge,
Secure: options.Secure,
HttpOnly: options.HttpOnly,
}
if options.MaxAge > 0 {
d := time.Duration(options.MaxAge) * time.Second
cookie.Expires = time.Now().Add(d)
} else if options.MaxAge < 0 {
// Set it to the past to expire now.
cookie.Expires = time.Unix(1, 0)
}
return cookie
}
// Error ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// MultiError stores multiple errors.
//
// Borrowed from the App Engine SDK.
type MultiError []error
func (m MultiError) Error() string {
s, n := "", 0
for _, e := range m {
if e != nil {
if n == 0 {
s = e.Error()
}
n++
}
}
switch n {
case 0:
return "(0 errors)"
case 1:
return s
case 2:
return s + " (and 1 other error)"
}
return fmt.Sprintf("%s (and %d other errors)", s, n-1)
}
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// Copyright 2012 The Gorilla Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package sessions
import (
"encoding/base32"
"io"
"net/http"
"os"
"strings"
"sync"
"github.com/gorilla/securecookie"
)
// Store is an interface for custom session stores.
//
// See CookieStore and FilesystemStore for examples.
type Store interface {
// Get should return a cached session.
Get(r *http.Request, name string) (*Session, error)
// New should create and return a new session.
//
// Note that New should never return a nil session, even in the case of
// an error if using the Registry infrastructure to cache the session.
New(r *http.Request, name string) (*Session, error)
// Save should persist session to the underlying store implementation.
Save(r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter, s *Session) error
}
// CookieStore ----------------------------------------------------------------
// NewCookieStore returns a new CookieStore.
//
// Keys are defined in pairs to allow key rotation, but the common case is
// to set a single authentication key and optionally an encryption key.
//
// The first key in a pair is used for authentication and the second for
// encryption. The encryption key can be set to nil or omitted in the last
// pair, but the authentication key is required in all pairs.
//
// It is recommended to use an authentication key with 32 or 64 bytes.
// The encryption key, if set, must be either 16, 24, or 32 bytes to select
// AES-128, AES-192, or AES-256 modes.
//
// Use the convenience function securecookie.GenerateRandomKey() to create
// strong keys.
func NewCookieStore(keyPairs ...[]byte) *CookieStore {
return &CookieStore{
Codecs: securecookie.CodecsFromPairs(keyPairs...),
Options: &Options{
Path: "/",
MaxAge: 86400 * 30,
},
}
}
// CookieStore stores sessions using secure cookies.
type CookieStore struct {
Codecs []securecookie.Codec
Options *Options // default configuration
}
// Get returns a session for the given name after adding it to the registry.
//
// It returns a new session if the sessions doesn't exist. Access IsNew on
// the session to check if it is an existing session or a new one.
//
// It returns a new session and an error if the session exists but could
// not be decoded.
func (s *CookieStore) Get(r *http.Request, name string) (*Session, error) {
return GetRegistry(r).Get(s, name)
}
// New returns a session for the given name without adding it to the registry.
//
// The difference between New() and Get() is that calling New() twice will
// decode the session data twice, while Get() registers and reuses the same
// decoded session after the first call.
func (s *CookieStore) New(r *http.Request, name string) (*Session, error) {
session := NewSession(s, name)
opts := *s.Options
session.Options = &opts
session.IsNew = true
var err error
if c, errCookie := r.Cookie(name); errCookie == nil {
err = securecookie.DecodeMulti(name, c.Value, &session.Values,
s.Codecs...)
if err == nil {
session.IsNew = false
}
}
return session, err
}
// Save adds a single session to the response.
func (s *CookieStore) Save(r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter,
session *Session) error {
encoded, err := securecookie.EncodeMulti(session.Name(), session.Values,
s.Codecs...)
if err != nil {
return err
}
http.SetCookie(w, NewCookie(session.Name(), encoded, session.Options))
return nil
}
// FilesystemStore ------------------------------------------------------------
var fileMutex sync.RWMutex
// NewFilesystemStore returns a new FilesystemStore.
//
// The path argument is the directory where sessions will be saved. If empty
// it will use os.TempDir().
//
// See NewCookieStore() for a description of the other parameters.
func NewFilesystemStore(path string, keyPairs ...[]byte) *FilesystemStore {
if path == "" {
path = os.TempDir()
}
if path[len(path)-1] != '/' {
path += "/"
}
return &FilesystemStore{
Codecs: securecookie.CodecsFromPairs(keyPairs...),
Options: &Options{
Path: "/",
MaxAge: 86400 * 30,
},
path: path,
}
}
// FilesystemStore stores sessions in the filesystem.
//
// It also serves as a referece for custom stores.
//
// This store is still experimental and not well tested. Feedback is welcome.
type FilesystemStore struct {
Codecs []securecookie.Codec
Options *Options // default configuration
path string
}
// MaxLength restricts the maximum length of new sessions to l.
// If l is 0 there is no limit to the size of a session, use with caution.
// The default for a new FilesystemStore is 4096.
func (s *FilesystemStore) MaxLength(l int) {
for _, c := range s.Codecs {
if codec, ok := c.(*securecookie.SecureCookie); ok {
codec.MaxLength(l)
}
}
}
// Get returns a session for the given name after adding it to the registry.
//
// See CookieStore.Get().
func (s *FilesystemStore) Get(r *http.Request, name string) (*Session, error) {
return GetRegistry(r).Get(s, name)
}
// New returns a session for the given name without adding it to the registry.
//
// See CookieStore.New().
func (s *FilesystemStore) New(r *http.Request, name string) (*Session, error) {
session := NewSession(s, name)
opts := *s.Options
session.Options = &opts
session.IsNew = true
var err error
if c, errCookie := r.Cookie(name); errCookie == nil {
err = securecookie.DecodeMulti(name, c.Value, &session.ID, s.Codecs...)
if err == nil {
err = s.load(session)
if err == nil {
session.IsNew = false
}
}
}
return session, err
}
// Save adds a single session to the response.
func (s *FilesystemStore) Save(r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter,
session *Session) error {
if session.ID == "" {
// Because the ID is used in the filename, encode it to
// use alphanumeric characters only.
session.ID = strings.TrimRight(
base32.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(
securecookie.GenerateRandomKey(32)), "=")
}
if err := s.save(session); err != nil {
return err
}
encoded, err := securecookie.EncodeMulti(session.Name(), session.ID,
s.Codecs...)
if err != nil {
return err
}
http.SetCookie(w, NewCookie(session.Name(), encoded, session.Options))
return nil
}
// save writes encoded session.Values to a file.
func (s *FilesystemStore) save(session *Session) error {
encoded, err := securecookie.EncodeMulti(session.Name(), session.Values,
s.Codecs...)
if err != nil {
return err
}
filename := s.path + "session_" + session.ID
fileMutex.Lock()
defer fileMutex.Unlock()
fp, err := os.OpenFile(filename, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0600)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if _, err = fp.Write([]byte(encoded)); err != nil {
return err
}
fp.Close()
return nil
}
// load reads a file and decodes its content into session.Values.
func (s *FilesystemStore) load(session *Session) error {
filename := s.path + "session_" + session.ID
fp, err := os.OpenFile(filename, os.O_RDONLY, 0400)
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer fp.Close()
var fdata []byte
buf := make([]byte, 128)
for {
var n int
n, err = fp.Read(buf[0:])
fdata = append(fdata, buf[0:n]...)
if err != nil {
if err == io.EOF {
break
}
return err
}
}
if err = securecookie.DecodeMulti(session.Name(), string(fdata),
&session.Values, s.Codecs...); err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}