cpp11/notes.rst

=====
C++11
=====

.. rubric:: oh dear, it burns

Intro
=====

- Approved 2011-08-12
- for some time called c++0x
- references:
    - primarily the `wikipedia article`_ on c++11
    - also `Bjarne's FAQ`_

.. _`wikipedia article`: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B11
.. _`Bjarne's FAQ`: http://www2.research.att.com/~bs/C++0xFAQ.html


initializer lists
=================

- see example with/without -std=c++0x; specifically in this order:
    - init.cc
    - ilists.cc: c++03
    - init_new.cc
- initializer_list<>
    - allows constructors to take initializer lists

New Loop Syntax
===============
- example from int, iterator, new syntax
- copy/ref

type inference
==============

- auto keyword
- decltype

new string literals
===================

- u8"I'm a UTF-8 string."
- u"This is a UTF-16 string."
- U"This is a UTF-32 string."
- R"\w+" instead of "\\w+"
    - doesn't seem to work with my compilers

tuple fun
=========

- generalization of std::pair
- #include <tuple>
- make_tuple
- tie

lambdas
=======

- see `c++11 anonymous funcs`_
- [capture](arguments) -> return-type {body}
- capture:
    - [] capture nothing
    - [x, &y] x by value, y by reference
    - [&] any external variable captured by ref
    - [=] any external variable captured by val
    - [&, x] x by val, everything else by ref
    - [=, &x] x by ref, everything else by val

.. _`c++11 anonymous funcs`: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous_function#C.2B.2B

regular expressions and threading
=================================

- this is where the burning starts to set in ...
- threading works ... mostly
    - `great quote`_
    - compiles and runs with both compilers
    - run stress
- regex examples
    - compile with gcc to see how awesome that is
    - compile with clang
        - instructions on building this found `here`_

.. _`here`: http://solarianprogrammer.com/2011/10/16/llvm-clang-libc-linux/
.. _`great quote`: https://twitter.com/nedbat/status/194452404794691584

constexpr
=========

- see example with/without -std=c++0x
- see wiki for limitations
- constructors of user-defined types can be declared constexpr

rvalue
=======

- pass-by-value is deep-copy (usually)
- c++11 adds notion of "move constructor"
    - takes the rvalue ref's stuff and nullifies the rvalue
    - 'safe and invisible' (because it's null, memory is not del'd when it goes
      out of scope)
- rvalue is automatic when using stuff with "move constructor"
- std::move<T>()

Smart Pointers
==============